21/07/2008 08:38:02 YOGYA (KR) – Masyarakat di wilayah DIY dan sebagian Klaten Jawa Tengah kembali dikejutkan gempa bumi berkekuatan 5,9 Skala Richter (SR). Gempa itu terjadi Minggu (20/7) siang pukul 13.11 WIB.
Berdasarkan informasi Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika (BMG) Stasiun Geofisika Yogyakarta pusat gempa berada di 9,0 Lintang Selatan (LS) dan 111,24 Bujur Timur (BT) (tepatnya 160 km tenggara Yogya) dengan kedalaman 10 km. Meski kekuatannya cukup besar tapi gempa ini tidak berpotensi menimbulkan tsunami (kurang dari 6 SR).
”Gempa yang terjadi pada siang kemarin sempat dirasakan oleh masyarakat yang ada di daerah Sleman, Bantul, Yogya dan sebagian Klaten. Tapi karena pusatnya ada di dalam laut sebelah Selatan Pacitan banyak masyarakat yang tidak merasakan. Untuk itu masyarakat DIY tidak perlu menyikapi gempa yang kekuatannya kebetulan sama dengan gempa 27 Mei itu secara berlebihan,” kata Kepala BMG Stasiun Geofisika Yogyakarta, Drs Jaya Murjaya MSi pada KR, Minggu (20/7).
Hal yang sama juga disampaikan Kabid Data dan Informasi BMG Yogyakarta, Tiar Prasetyo. Masyarakat diharapkan tetap tenang. Meski getaran yang dirasakan di Yogya tidak besar, namun kewaspadaan tetap harus dijaga oleh masyarakat. Karena itu pemahaman terhadap gempa harus terus ditanamkan kepada masyarakat.
Dihubungi terpisah, Kepala Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kegunungapian (BPPTK), Drs Subandriyo MSi mengemukakan, sejauh ini getaran gempa tersebut belum berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas Gunung Merapi. Meski demikian, ia yakin pengaruhnya sangat kecil. ”Jarak pusat gempa 150 km lebih dari Yogya adalah sangat jauh. Sehingga dapat dikatakan kecil kemungkinan akan mendorong aktivitas Gunung Merapi,” ujar Subandriyo.
Sejauh ini, aktivitas Gunung Merapi pada tingkatan aktif normal. Belum ada tanda-tanda adanya peningkatan aktivitas. Secara visual pun, berdasarkan pengamatan KR hingga Minggu (20/7) malam, puncak gunung api itu memang tidak menampakkan adanya tanda-tanda aktivitas vulkanik.
Menurut Jaya Murjaya, meski kekuatannya sama yaitu 5,9 SR, tapi gempa yang terjadi Minggu kemarin tidak ada kaitannya dengan gempa Yogya beberapa tahun yang lalu. Di samping pusatnya berbeda (bukan sesar Opak-Oya), gempa ini termasuk tipe tektonik yang disebabkan oleh adanya tumbukan lempeng.
Kemungkinan terjadinya gempa susulan dengan kekuatan di atas 5 SR sangat kecil. Bahkan berdasarkan data yang ada di BMG Stasiun Geofisika Yogya sampai dengan Minggu malam baru tercatat ada 1 gempa susulan dengan kekuatan 2,8 SR.
”Kalau dilihat dari laporan dan data-data yang ada di BMG gempa ini tidak berbahaya (sekitar 3 MMI). Memang sampai saat ini gempa-gempa susulan masih terus terjadi, namun karena letaknya cukup jauh tidak akan terlalu berdampak bagi DIY, apalagi sampai berpotensi menimbulkan kerusakan,” papar Jaya.
(R-5/Jon/Sto)-z
DIRASAKAN SIANG HARI; Gempa 5,9 SR Kejutkan Warga
Daftar Pusataka tentang Pengembangan Rleawan dan Manjemen Relawan
Recommended generic book on volunteer management
McCurley & Lynch (1996), Volunteer Management – Mobilising all the Resources of the Community. Heritage Arts Publishing, Downers Grove, USA. ISBN 0-911029-45-1.
Research on volunteering
Salamon L and others: Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector. Baltimore, Center for Civil Society, 1999
Comprehensive analysis of voluntary sectors in 22 countries around the world.
By same authors: The Emerging Sector revisited: A summary – Revised Estimates Updated English summary of above, available as above.
Gasket, K and Davis Smith, J: A new civic Europe? A study of the extent and role of volunteering. London: Volunteer Centre UK, 1995.
Study on volunteering in ten European countries.
Books on non-profit management
Drucker, P. Managing the non-profit organisation. Harperbusiness, 1992. Management theory on how non-profit organizations function.
Books on managing and evaluating volunteer systems
Ellis, S and Noyes, K: Proof Positive: Developing Significant Volunteer Record-keeping Systems. Philadelphia: Energize, 1990.
The basics of volunteer record-keeping made easy, with sample forms and records.
Ellis, S: Volunteer Management Audit. United Way of America, 1992.
Tool for auditing and evaluating volunteer programmes in a series of booklets.
Ellis, S: IB. Philadelphia: Energize, 1996.
Understanding volunteer management and its implications for an organisation.
Kuric, C and Koll S: A Roadmap to managing volunteer systems: From grassroots to national. National Health Council Inc. 2001
Looks at the entire system of a national organization supporting local volunteer organizations.
Books on managing service delivery volunteers
Campbell, K. and Ellis, S. The (help!) I-don’t-have-enough-time Guide to Volunteer Management. Philadelphia: Energize, 1995.
Ideas on how volunteer management can be structured more efficiently.
Lee, J. What we learnt (the hard way) about supervising volunteers. Philadelphia: Energize, 1998.
Tips, ideas and case studies for volunteer supervisors and managers.
McCurley, S and Lynch, R: Volunteer Management: Mobilizing all the resources of the Community. Heritage Arts Publishing, 1996.
Examines all aspects of successful volunteering management with quotes and sample sheets.
Most books on volunteer management can be ordered direct from Energize (www.energizeinc.com). A regular catalogue can also be ordered via the Energize web site.
Alat Alat Pengembangan Relawan
A number of publications and learning tools are available to aid volunteering development.
Adabebrapa publikasi dan alat pembelajaran yangtersedia untuk membatu pengembangan relawan.
Volunteering is different in every culture and every country, so learning tools must be further adapted and developed to meet local needs and conditions.
Relawan dala berbeda beda dari satu budaya ke budaya yang lain, oleh karena itu alat pemberlajaran harus lebih lanjut di seusuai dan dikermbangkan dengan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan kondisi masyrakat local.
Developing Volunteering programmes:
Tools and Techniques for Volunteer Programme Design – Europe
Developing a Volunteering Policy:
Volunteering Policy Implementation Guide
General Approaches to Branch and National Programme development
Systematic Branch Development
Systematic Programme Development
Volunteering development: External resources Pengembangan relawan: Sumber eksternal
- Recommended external web sites
Volunteering resources
Energize – publishing house specialising in volunteer management and related issues
Charity Village – site of resources and ideas for the voluntary sector
National Centre for Volunteering, UK – research into UK and European volunteeringThemes
Diversity Challenge web site – Gender and Diversity issues in volunteer organizations
Legal Issues - Legal and Management issues for voluntary organizations - Recommended Learning Events
Institute of Advanced Volunteer Management, GB – Report 2000
International Conference on Volunteer Administration, North America
International Association for Volunteer Effort World Conference – Report 2001
17th International Association for Volunteer Effort World Conference – 11 – 15 Nov 2002Further events can be found on the Energize site.
- Recommended Associations
Association for Volunteer Administrators
International Association for Volunteer Effort - Recommended Mailing lists
Volunteer Management and Volunteering – send email to majordomo@energizeinc.com, with message subscribe energize-update
Volunteer Management and Volunteering – send email to
UKVPMs-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
- National Society volunteering web sites
If your National Society has a web site which it would like to be included in this section, please send the address to volunteering@ifrc.org.
Organisasi relawan yang efektif
There are certain common factors that are often found within successful volunteer organisations, both inside and outside of the Red Cross Red Crescent.
Ada bebrapa factor umum yang yangterdapat dalam orgasisasi relwawn yang berhasil, yaitu fatro yangterdapay di dalam dan di luar palang merha dan bulansabit merah.
At the community level, an effective organisation generally responds to clear community needs and services are designed to meet these needs. In many cases, volunteers are recruited, trained, and supported from within the immediate area of the needs. Volunteers carry out volunteering activities in addition to work, community and family commitments.
Ditingkat masyarkat, organsiasi efektif adalah yang pada umumnya response terhadap kebutuhan masyrakat dan pelyanan adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhanteesbut. Di dalam banyakkasus, relawan di recruit dan di latih dan di dukung di sebuah wilayah yang terdapat kebutuhan yang mendesak. Relwaan menjalankan kegiatan secara suka rela dan malukan pekerjaan dengan komitemen bersama masyrakat dan keluarga.
In successful volunteer organisations, the local community units can be supported by regional offices or structures which help to distribute information to local units from the organisation headquarters, and which can effectively collect and distribute information from the field and communities themselves.
Dalam organsiasi relawan yang berhasil, unit masyrakat local dapayt di dukung oleh kantor wilayah ataustruktur ayang dapat membagi infromasi kepada uni local dari orgnsasipusat, dan secaraa efektif mengeumpulan dan mendistribusi infromasi dari lapangan dan masyrakatsenridir.
In many cases, national headquarters support regional levels, collect national information, and develop strategy and support for the local work.
Dalambanyak kasus, Pusat hraus mendukung di tingkatdaerah, mengumpulan infromasi nasional dan mengembangkan strategi dan mendukung kerja local.
Within organisations that follow the model of having community, regional and national offices, two clear systems can be observed:
- A local system that recruits and manages volunteers within local programmes,
- A national system that provides support and expertise to service delivery units in local communities through regional levels if necessary.
Di dalam oergasnisasi yang mengikuti modeldengan memilki kantor di tingkat masyrakat, daerah dan pusat, ada dua system yang dapat di lihat yaitu:
- Sistem local yang merekruit dan mengeloila relawan di dalam program local
- Sistem national yang menyediakan dukungan dan keahlian dalam pelayanan kepada unit di dalam masyarakat melaluitingakt daerah apabila dibutuhkan.
Related reports /documents: laporan/ dokumen yang terkait:
Eleven factors that make a volunteer organization more effective in involving volunteers - discusses how leadership can play a key role in enabling effective volunteer involvement.
National Societies should have… - core functions relating to volunteering that National Societies should have within the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement.
Advokasi tentang relawan
During the International Year of Volunteers (IYV), the International Federation gave a number of speeches and statements on supporting the work of volunteers and volunteer organizations.
5 Dec 2001 – The vision of humanitarianism with the dedication of volunteers
Statement delivered by Mary Hundley DeKuyper, Special Representative, International Federation, to the to the United Nations General Assembly, 56th session, New York.
5 May 2001 – Volunteerism and building partnerships
Statement delivered by Chris Lamb, Head of Humanitarian Advocacy Department, International Federation, to the Interparliamentary Conference, 105th Session, Havana.
15 Feb 2001 – Promoting volunteerism
Statement delivered by Encho Gospodinov, International Federation Delegate to the UN, to the Commission on Social Development, 39th session, New York.
15 Jan 2001 – Keynote address on volunteers
Speech delivered by Dr. Astrid Heiberg, President, International Federation, to the IAVE conference, Amsterdam.
28 Nov 2000 – The volunteer question: Time to take stock
Speech delivered by Dr. Astrid Heiberg, President, International Federation, to the United Nations General Assembly, 55th session, New York.
Continuing the momentum of the International Year of Volunteers, the Federation are working with United Nations Volunteers, the Inter-Parliamentary Union and others to continue to raise government awareness about the importance of volunteering, and suggest practical action that can be taken. All work will build particularly on the resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 5, 2001
The coalition are targeting a number of world events during 2002, including:
World Assembly on Ageing Madrid – April 4-10
XIV International AIDS Conference Barcelona – July 7-12
World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg – September 2-11
In addition, the Coalition will hold an event on International Volunteers Day, December 5 2002 to coincide with release of the United Nations secretary-general report on the results of the IYV 2001
Permasalah Hukum terkait dengan Relawan
Legal and fiscal regulations for volunteers and organisations will differ according to different countries and how volunteering is tackled in that country. Examples of typical legal issues affecting volunteering might include:
- whether unemployed people are allowed to volunteer
- whether tax allowances to voluntary organizations constitute “unfair competition”
- whether voluntary organizations are liable for damage caused by their volunteers
Pertauanhukum dan keuangan bagi relwaawn dan organasasi akan berbeda dari satu Negara dan negara lain danbagai mana Negara menganai masalah relawan di dalam Negara itu. Sebagai contoh permasalah hokum permasalah hokum yang akan terkait dengan relawawn adalah:
· apakah orang pengaguran boleh menjadi relawan
· apakah ptong pajak kepada organsiasi relawawn merupakan persianginan yangtidak sehat
· apakah orgasnasi relawan bertanggung jawab atas kerugiian yangdisebuabakan oleh relawannya.
The International Federation has a Legal Committee to develop understanding and expertise on the range of volunteer legal issues. The Committee works on developing the volunteering legal issues list and part of its work is to expand a list of volunteering legal resources.
Freasi international memeilii Komte HUkum untuk mengebangkan pehaman dan kealian tentang bebrapa masalah hokum berkaitan dengan relawan. Komite bekerja tentang mengembankan daftar permaslash hukum yangbisa dihadapi oleh relawan dan salahsatu bagian darikerjaanya adalah untuk mengembakan daftar materi hokum tentang relawan.
The publication “Tools and Techniques for Volunteer Programme Design – Europe” contains a section which describes a system to assess the legal factors when designing a volunteer programme.
Publikasi “alat dan technique untuk programrelawan – erpoa’meiliki bagian yang menjelaskan sebuah system untul askes terhadap factor legal pada saat mau merumuskan program tentang relawan.
Pengembangan Relawan yang sensitive terhadap budaya
Volunteering is a phenomenon that exists in every society but it is likely to be different in different countries, sometimes even varying within the same country. Typical factors that might influence how volunteering is perceived and managed within different countries include:
- demographics
- religion
- economic wealth
- gender roles
- state services to citizens
- political and ideological views of volunteering
Relawan merupakan fenomena yang hadir dalam setup amasyrakat namun pasti ada perbedaan antara Negara, dan juga ada kemungkinan bahwa juga berbeda di dalam negar sendiri antara daerah. Faktor Faktor yang mungkin memperngaruhi bagaimana relawan di anggap dan di kelola di dalamnegara termasuk:
- demgrafik
- agama
- kesejahteraan ekonomi
- peran jender
- pelayana Negara terhadapwarga Negara
- politik dan pendangan ideologis tentnag relwawan
For the Red Cross Red Crescent, it is important that National Societies develop volunteering according to the traditions and culture already existing in their countries. Local forms of volunteering should be respected and built on by National Societies, donors and delegates.
Bagi Palang merah dan bulansabit merah, sangat penting bahwa Perhimpunan Nasional mengenbgakan relawan bedsaraan tradisi dan budaya yang ada di negaranya. Bentuk local dari relawanan harus di hargai dan di kembangkan dalam pershiumpanan nasional, donator dan delegasi.
Relawan 2005
Secretariat plan to support National Society volunteering development Sekretariat mempunayi rencan untuk mendukung Perhimpuanan nasional dalan hal Pengembangan relawan.
To support National Society volunteering development, the Federation secretariat has developed a five year development plan called Volunteer 2005.
Dalam mendukung perhimuanan nasion tentag pengambanag relawan, freasdi mempunyai slkretariat untuk mengembangkan rencana pengambanga selama 5 athun yanmg disebut senagai Relawan 2005.
In early 2002, Volunteering Expert Networks (VENS) were set up in Western Europe, Central Africa, South America and North America. The aim of these networks is for participant National Societies to mutually inspire and support each other in volunteering development.
pad athun 2002, Jaringan ahli relwawn (VENS) di dirikan di Eropa Barat, Afrika tengah, Ameriaka selatan dan amerika utara. Tujuanny aadalah untuk partispasi perhikm[puanan nasional dalam meberi inspirasi dan dukungan satu samalainnya dalam pengemabngan relawan.
In some regions, these networks are supported by a special Volunteering Development Delegate. As well as supporting National Society networking, they work to develop pilot National Societies and programmes.
Dalam beberapa wilayah, jaringan in didukung oleh seroang delagasi pengembangan relawan. Selain mengembangkan perhimpunan nasional dalammembuat jaringan merkajuga bekerja untuk pengembangan programs.
Africa
Quarterly report July-October 2001
Quarterly report October-December 2001
Report on Central African Consultative Meeting (Kinshasa, 27-30/11/01)
Participants’ report on Central African Consultative Meeting (Kinshasa, 27-30/11/01)
Asia and Pacific
Report on Africa field office Mission to Philippines Red Cross
Middle East and North Africa
Report on Volunteering in the Iranian Red Crescent
Work with other VENS is underway and reports of activities will follow.
Pengelolaan Relawan
At the International Federation General Assembly in 1999, and again in 2001, volunteering development was one of the key discussion areas. The 1999 General Assembly approved a Federation Volunteering Policy, and made a Pledge to the 27th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.
Pada Majelis Umum Freasi INternatioanl pada tahun 1999, dan pada athun 2001, pengemabangan relawanmeruapakan wacana penting yang di bahas. Pad tahun 1999 Majelis Umum menyetujui Kebijakan Sukerarelawan dalam Federasi dan membuat ikrar pada konferensi international ke 27.
At the 2001 General Assembly, the topic ‘Effective Volunteering as a precondition to well-functioning National Societies’ was focused on.
Pda tahun 2001 MajelisUmum, secarakhusu membahas topic tentang Relwawn effekti sebagai prasyarat untuk perhimpinaan nasional yang berfungsi dengan baik.
Two plenary speeches were given at the Assembly: Volunteering in a Third World Country – The Experience of the Philippine Red Cross, and National Societies need to improve drastically the management of volunteers. Working group discussions followed.
Ada dua pidato yang di berikan pada mejelis yaitu : relawan di Negara ketiga – pengalaman di Palang merah Filipina dan Perhimpunan nasion harus memperbaiki secara drastis manajemen relawan.
The International Federation Governing Board meetings also meet regularly and look at issues of volunteering development.
Dewan Pengurus FreasiINternatioanl negadakanrapatsecara rutin untuk membahas permasalahan ttentang pengambangan relawan.
Situasi terkini tentang relawan di dalam Palang merah dan bulsan sabit merah
In response to concern that the number of volunteers within the Red Cross Red Crescent was decreasing, the International Federation launched the Volunteering Review Project in 1998 to better understand volunteering and to suggest ways that National Societies could better recruit and retain volunteers in their programmes.
Sebagai tanggapan dari keprihatianan bahwa jumlah relawan dari palang merha dan bulan sabit merah semakin menurun, maka Fereasi Internatioanl menluncurkan Proyek kajian ulang Relawan pada athun 1998 untuk memahami lebih baik tentang relawan dan untuk menyaranakan acara untuk perhimpnan national merekruit dan memptahankan relawan dalaprogram ereka.
In 2000, a draft volunteering review project called Trend Report 2000 was published, highlighting some of the issues facing National Societies.
Pada thun 2000, sebauh drfat kajian ulang tentag relawan yang disebut Laporan Tren 2000 di cetak, dan didalamnya menyebutkan beberapamerpasalahan yang di hadapi oleh Perhimunan nasional.
In addition, eight case studies were carried out into specific volunteering projects in European National Societies.
Case Study 1 – Ealing Home from Hospital scheme, London
Case Study 2 – Refugee Orientation Project, London
Case Study 3 – Carers’ Support Project, Stockholm
Case Study 4 – ‘Kupan’ Project, Stockholm
Case Study 5 – Estonia Red Cross Paldiski Branch
Case Study 6 – Volunteering in the Spanish Red Cross
Case Study 7 – Bulgarian Red Cross Summer Camp
Case Study 8 – Volunteering in the Hellenic Red Cross
Trend Report 2003 is currently being planned, to reflect recent research into National Society volunteering. The research includes reports on various National Society practices, for example:
The Philippine National Red Cross
The Japanese Red Cross Society
